Te Whakawhanaketanga me te Whakarerekētanga o te 802.11a/b/g/n/ac

Te Whakawhanaketanga me te Whakarerekētanga o te 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
Mai i te tukunga tuatahi o te Wi-Fi ki ngā kaihoko i te tau 1997, kua whanake tonu te paerewa Wi-Fi, me te whakanui ake i te tere me te whakawhānui ake i te kapinga. I te tāpirihia o ngā mahi ki te paerewa IEEE 802.11 taketake, i whakahoutia mā roto i ngā whakatikatika (802.11b, 802.11g, me ētahi atu)

802.11b 2.4GHz
E whakamahi ana te 802.11b i te auau 2.4 GHz rite tonu ki te paerewa taketake 802.11. E tautoko ana i te tere ariā mōrahi o te 11 Mbps me te whānuitanga tae atu ki te 150 putu. He iti te utu o ngā wāhanga 802.11b, engari ko tēnei paerewa te tere teitei me te puhoi rawa i roto i ngā paerewa 802.11 katoa. Ā, nā te mea e whakahaerehia ana te 802.11b i te 2.4 GHz, ka raru pea ngā taputapu kāinga, ngā whatunga Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz rānei.

802.11a 5GHz OFDM
Ka tukuna ngātahitia te putanga "a" kua whakahoutia o tēnei paerewa me te 802.11b. Ka whakauruhia he hangarau uaua ake e kiia nei ko te OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) hei whakaputa tohu ahokore. He painga anō tō te 802.11a ki te 802.11b: ka mahi i roto i te roopu auau 5 GHz kāore i te tino pukumahi, nō reira he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te pokanoa. Ā, he nui ake tōna whānui i te 802.11b, me te tere mōrahi o te 54 Mbps.
Kāore pea koe i te kite i ngā taputapu 802.11a maha, ngā pouara rānei. Nā te mea he iti ake te utu o ngā taputapu 802.11b, ā, kei te piki haere te rongonui i roto i te mākete kaihoko. Ko te 802.11a te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō ngā tono pakihi.

802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
E whakamahi ana te paerewa 802.11g i te hangarau OFDM ōrite ki te 802.11a. Pērā i te 802.11a, e tautoko ana i te tere arorau mōrahi o te 54 Mbps. Heoi, pērā i te 802.11b, e mahi ana i roto i ngā auau 2.4 GHz kua whakakīia (nō reira ka pāngia e ngā raruraru pokanoa ōrite ki te 802.11b). He hototahi whakamuri te 802.11g me ngā taputapu 802.11b: ka taea e ngā taputapu 802.11b te hono atu ki ngā pūwāhi urunga 802.11g (engari i ngā tere 802.11b).
Kua tino ahu whakamua ngā kaihoko i roto i te tere me te kapinga o te Wi-Fi mā te 802.11g. I taua wā, ki te whakaritea ki ngā whakatupuranga o mua o ngā hua, kei te pai haere tonu ngā pouara ahokore a ngā kaihoko, me te kaha ake me te kapinga pai ake.

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Nā te paerewa 802.11n, kua tere ake, kua pono ake hoki te Wi-Fi. Ka tautokona e ia te tere tuku mōrahi o te 300 Mbps (tae atu ki te 450 Mbps ina whakamahia ngā pūihi e toru). Ka whakamahia e te 802.11n te MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), e mahi tahi ai ngā tuku/kaiwhiwhi maha i tetahi pito, i ngā pito e rua rānei o te hononga. Ka taea e tēnei te whakanui ake i ngā raraunga me te kore e hiahiatia he whānui o te whānui, he mana tuku rānei. Ka taea e te 802.11n te mahi i roto i ngā roopu auau 2.4 GHz me te 5 GHz.

802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
Ka whakanui ake te 802.11ac i te Wi-Fi, me ngā tere mai i te 433 Mbps ki te maha gigabits ia hekona. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei mahi, ka mahi noa te 802.11ac i roto i te roopu auau 5 GHz, ka tautoko i te waru ngā awa ā-wāhi (ki te whakaritea ki ngā awa e whā o te 802.11n), ka takirua te whānui o te hongere ki te 80 MHz, ā, ka whakamahia he hangarau e kiia nei ko te beamforming. Mā te beamforming, ka taea e ngā pūihi te tuku tohu reo irirangi, kia tohu tika ai ki ngā taputapu motuhake.

Ko tētahi atu whanaketanga nui o te 802.11ac ko te Kaiwhakamahi Maha (MU-MIMO). Ahakoa ka tukuna e te MIMO ngā awa maha ki tētahi kiritaki kotahi, ka taea e te MU-MIMO te tuku i ngā awa ā-wāhi ki ngā kiritaki maha i te wā kotahi. Ahakoa kāore te MU-MIMO e whakanui ake i te tere o tētahi kiritaki takitahi, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te whānui o te raraunga e tukuna ana e te whatunga katoa.
E kite ana koe, kei te whanake tonu te mahi Wi-Fi, me ngā tere me ngā mahi ka tata ki ngā tere waea.

802.11ax Ipurangi Ahokore 6
I te tau 2018, i tangohia e te WiFi Alliance ngā mahi hei whakangāwari ake i te mōhio me te mārama ki ngā ingoa paerewa WiFi. Ka hurihia e rātou te paerewa 802.11ax e haere ake nei ki WiFi6.

Wi-Fi 6, kei hea te 6?
Ko ngā tohu mahi maha o te Wi-Fi ko te tawhiti tuku, te tere tuku, te kaha whatunga, me te roa o te pākahiko. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te ao hou, kei te piki haere ngā hiahia o te tangata mō te tere me te whānui o te hononga.
He maha ngā raruraru kei roto i ngā hononga Wi-Fi tuku iho, pērā i te pupū o te whatunga, te iti o te kapinga, me te hiahia ki te whakawhiti tonu i ngā SSID.
Engari ka kawea mai e te Wi Fi 6 ngā huringa hou: ka arotau i te whakapaunga hiko me ngā kaha kapinga o ngā taputapu, ka tautoko i te tere-teitei maha-kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te mahi pai ake i roto i ngā horopaki kaiwhakamahi nui, me te kawe mai i ngā tawhiti tuku roa ake me ngā tere tuku teitei ake.
I te nuinga o te wā, ki te whakatauritea ki ōna mua, ko te painga o te Wi Fi 6 ko te "rua teitei me te rua iti":
Tere tere: Nā te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau pēnei i te uplink MU-MIMO, te 1024QAM modulation, me te 8 * 8MIMO, ka taea e te tere mōrahi o te Wi Fi 6 te eke ki te 9.6Gbps, e kiia ana he rite ki te tere whiu.
Te urunga nui: Ko te whakapainga nui rawa atu o te Wi Fi 6 ko te whakaiti i te noho puku, me te tuku i ngā taputapu maha atu kia hono atu ki te whatunga. I tēnei wā, ka taea e te Wi Fi 5 te kōrero ki ngā taputapu e whā i te wā kotahi, ko te Wi Fi 6 ia ka taea te kōrero ki ngā taputapu maha i te wā kotahi. Ka whakamahia hoki e te Wi Fi 6 ngā hangarau OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) me ngā hangarau tohu maha-hongere i ahu mai i te 5G hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te Spectral me te kaha o te whatunga.
Te iti o te whakaroa: Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pēnei i te OFDMA me te SpatialReuse, ka taea e te Wi Fi 6 te tuku kōrero i roto i te wā kotahi mā ngā kaiwhakamahi maha, ka kore e hiahiatia te tūru me te tatari, ka whakaiti i te whakataetae, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, ka whakaiti hoki i te whakaroa. Mai i te 30ms mō te Wi Fi 5 ki te 20ms, me te whakahekenga toharite o te 33%.
Te iti o te whakamahinga pūngao: Mā te TWT, tētahi atu hangarau hou i roto i te Wi-Fi 6, ka taea e te AP te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā pūwhakawhiti, ka whakaiti i te wā e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te tuku me te rapu tohu. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pākahiko me te whakapai ake i te roa o te ora o te pākahiko, ka hua ake he 30% te whakaiti i te whakamahinga hiko o te pūwhakawhiti.

Mai i te tau 2012 | Te whakarato rorohiko ahumahi kua whakaritea mō ngā kiritaki o te ao!